Gilgamesh A Mythical Hero Essay - 840 Words

From the beginning of time, mythology has appeared to be one key method of understanding life’s confusions and battles. Within these myths lies a hero. From myth to myth and story to story, heroes experience what may be called a struggle or a journey, which lays down their plot line. Bearing tremendous strength, talent, and significant admiration, a hero holds what is precious to their audience, heroism. Over time however, no matter the hero, the hero’s role remains indistinguishable and identical to the position of every other hero. Gilgamesh the king is a myth beholding various heroic traits shared in multiple other stories and myths for that fact. Towards the beginning of Gilgamesh’s myth, he chooses to conquer the beast of the†¦show more content†¦Without his best friend living by his side any longer, he undergoes the pain and hardship anyone who loses a dear friend would feel. Ultimately, Gilgamesh faces these points in his myth, which help reveal the true hero he is on the inside as well as the outside. A hero is not someone possessing one trait of strength, but someone holding various abilities, which assist them in the understanding of their true self. The fairytale of Cinderella is a fantasy carrying multiple heroic traits. Growing up in a world of misunderstanding and mistreatment, Cinderella faces the struggles and hardships in which a hero requires to thrive. While Cinderella lives with her well-appreciated stepsisters, she becomes aware of the prince who every woman in the land desires. Once Cinderella acknowledges the fact that she is the one meant for the prince, she aspires to fulfill her goal of marriage between Cinderella herself and the Prince. However on Cinderella’s journey to accomplish her goal, she finds herself running out of the time she is given to do so. Once her time runs out, all of her beautiful accessories and mystical creatures morph back into their ordinary selves. At this point, Cinderella enters a metaphorical darkness in which she has lost everything she needs to achieve her goal of the prince. Leaving her ball once the clock had struck midnight, Cinderella did not even have the ability to say goodbye to her prince, and in addition, lost herShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Of Mythical Heroes781 Words   |  4 PagesMythical heroes have more similarities than differences. They are all heroes that should carry the same characteristics and have more similarities than differences. In all of the myths, the heroes have shown characteristics, which helped them in different ways. Similar to Isis and Gilgamesh Determination. The young girl’s preparation to escape the house and Finn McCool’s Wife (Oonagh) preparation to take the massive giant back. Gilgamesh’s bravery to fight the big giant Humbaba and Oonagh’s BraveryRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh, By Walter Burkert970 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that it fits perfectly with â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh†, as the hero of the story is always in search for something. Towards the end, we realize that the main theme of the story is accepting mortality. This is what Gilgamesh was looking for all along and this is what he â€Å"gets† from his whole adventure. Gilgamesh is the king of Uruk. He is a demigod, the son of Lugalbanda and the goddess Ninsun. At the beginning of the epic, Gilgamesh is introduced as an extraordinary person. He is supposedRead More Comparing the Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Iliad Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad    One and the same lot for the man who hangs back and the man who battles hard. The same honor waits for the coward and the brave. They both go down to Death, the fighter who shirks, the one who works to exhaustion. (IX,385-88) Thus muses Achilles, one of epic poetrys greatest heroes. Epic poetry, one of the earliest forms of literature, began as an oral narration describing a series of mythical or historic events. EventuallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 903 Words   |  4 PagesMesopotamian poem called â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh†. Written during the Third Dynasty of Ur, â€Å"Gilgamesh† tells the adventures of the eponymous king as he befriends an intended rival created by a goddess, slays monsters, and embarks a personal and perilous quest for eternal life. The poem is widely considered the first great work in literature and it continues to inspire more epics to this day. But what is it that makes this masterpiece an epic? â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† follows the basic conventions of theRead More The Transcending Characteristics of a Mythical Hero Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pages The Transcending Characteristics of a Mythical Hero nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although separated by the wide gulf of time and culture, myths involving supernatural characters and gods exist in almost every society throughout the world. While this commonality may not be spectacular by itself, a detailed comparative study of the myths reveals a more striking similarity. Even in cultures as different and antagonistic as those of the Ancient Greeks and the Sumerians, predecessors of the PersiansRead MoreGilgamesh and Ramayana1559 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that these men truly fought against divine beings, their stories played a role in the ancient world, which was the beginning of the formation of society and civilization. The epics of â€Å"Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Ramayana of Valmiki† both served their societies as an outline of a moral code, defined the role of a hero, and instilled the belief of the fallibility of man, no matter how great. One of the defining characteristics of a society is the possession of rules or moral code that individuals are expectedRead MoreWhy Are Things Are The Way They Are By Daniel Quinn1482 Words   |  6 Pagesleaver culture. Ishmael explains how a persuasive story is successful. Mother culture has presented the taker culture with a persuasive story, which has the ability to make the taker culture believe it and follow it without even noticing. Ishmael uses mythical stories to help the narrator understand the terms, and for the narrator to see the two groups from a different perspective. Ishmael presents the biblical story of the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve were forbidden to eat from the tree of good/evil andRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 Pagesdeals with the rivalry between cousins - Kauravas and Pandavas - of a great ruling family of India . The armies of the two groups meet at the battleground at Kurushetra in which the Pandavas can destroy the Kauravas. The epic con sists of thousands of mythical and historical stories 3.The Odyssey by Homer (Greek) - Odyssey is believed to be written in 9th century B.C by Homer the great Greek poet. It describes the exploits of the Odysseus during his homecoming after the fall of Troy. This great epic followsRead MoreA True Hero in the Epic of Gigamesh Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesWhat makes a hero? A hero can be born into greatness and lead an ordinary life. A hero can achieve and glory greatness and carry a noble death to their name. What turns an individual into the characteristic of a â€Å"hero† will depend on the journey they set upon. From ancient Greek culture, the concept of a hero was built from idolizing a religious figure, a deceased person who received cult honors and was expected to return home bearing prosperity in forms of plants or animals, back to their peopleRead MoreReason For Transcribing : Why Augustus Did Not Write This Text1664 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding the tribunes of the people. With these set-forth executive powers, it more clearly defines Augustus’ role as a leader— that of which is similar, in small aspects, to the military monarch, Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a heroic tale of ancient Mesopotamia centered around the life of Gilgamesh, a military leader who ruled as king, and Enkidu, a wild man sent by the gods as his rival. Originally written on clay tablets, the tale can be read today in the form of a reconstructed translated

Case Study #1 for E-Commerce Law - 1037 Words

Case Study #1 for E-Commerce Law This document is a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of HHI’s, Hal’s Hardware, Inc., proposed electronic commerce website. Strengths The following are the strengths of the proposed electronic website: Ease of transaction Improve accessibility of products Widen area of coverage More visibility and advertisement The proposed electronic commerce website may be very helpful in increasing the ease of transactions since, based on the narrative, the owner plans to add an online shopping feature to the website. Through this, customers no longer have to travel to buy items from HHI. This is in corollary to another strength, which is the improvement of accessibility†¦show more content†¦Websites are also susceptible to online threats such as hackers, who have ill motives for attacking a website. Security is a very sensitive issue for online shopping and providing a modest level of security can add to customer satisfaction. In the Internet cloud, competition is even fiercer because the Internet is boundless and very large. HHI has to come up with marketing strategies that will help it make its place in the online hardware industry. Recommendations Based on the SWOT Analysis conducted above, I came up with the following recommendations: Partnership with advertising/marketing websites should be established to promote the site and increase visibility. There should be exceptions as to what products can be ordered online. For example, online shopping may be limited only to smaller items so that customers will still have a reason to visit the store when buying larger items. Website should include a help section, tutorial section, videos section, etc. where customers can browse for any power tool demonstration, help in tool operation, or training courses. Customers should be encouraged to create accounts on the website to access more features. This is also to reduce the risk of attackers abusing the website. 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The Industrial Revolution resulted in most goods being mass produced; often with little or no contact between manufacturer and consumer. This meant that the law moved from the laissez-faire approach (leaving things to take their own course) to consumer affairs and notion of caveat emptor (Latin for Let buye r beware). Due to the never ending failure of laissez-failure approach, a number of legal and non-legalRead MoreThe Case Study Of Barbies Success Story1007 Words   |  5 PagesCONSUMER BEHAVIOR case by aaa fmg19d BARBIE’S SUCCESS STORY Friday 12 August 2011 THE CASE The case examines the evolution of the Barbie doll over the years from its launch in 1959. It explores the product development strategies adopted by Mattel for Barbie and the reasons for the success of Barbie. The case also explores changes in Barbie s image along with the changes in American society. The criticism leveled against Barbie by feminists has also been described. 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Disease Pathophysiology and Ultrasound †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Disease Pathophysiology and Ultrasound. Answer: Introduction Medical imaging involves the use of various technologies for monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. There are different types of medical imaging techniques like the computed tomography (CT), medical resonance imaging, ultrasound, X-ray, positron emission tomography (PET), PET-CT, among others. The features of a medical condition like a tumor mass or cyst can be visualized using these techniques. X-ray imaging was the first diagnostic tool to be discovered followed by the invention of ultrasound imaging (Haidekker 2013). This report focuses on the use of ultrasound technology for the detection of various medical conditions like pancreatitis, endometriomas and epididymitis. Ultrasound imaging makes use of the properties of high frequency sound waves to image abnormalities in organs during a diseased condition. Ultrasound has frequency ranging between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. This technology involves the use of sound waves which travel through the body and are reflected at the tissue interfaces. The time taken for the waves to return determines the depth of the surface. The ultrasound waves travel from the transducer to the different tissues or organs and then gets reflected back to the transducer as echoes. The transducer converts these echoes to electrical impulses which are finally transformed into a computerized ultrasound image. It has a low instrumentation cost and it is easy to use which essentially adds to its popularity in diagnosis of critical medical conditions (Wilhjelm et al. 2013). This report focuses on 3 different cases of medical conditions, their pathophysiology and their surface appearances in ultrasound imaging. The 3 different medical conditions described in this study are Pancreatitis, Endometriomas/Endometriosis and Epididymitis. These diseases are caused by various environmental factors as well as bacterial infections. Part A of each medical condition describes its pathophysiology while part B describes the sonographic appearances associated with the disease. Pancreatitis can be divided into acute and chronic Pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by the presence of necrotic areas, interstitial edema, pancreatic tissue hemorrhage and fluid collections. Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by the presence of ductal calcifications, dilations, obstructions, pseudocysts and lesions (Sankaran et al. 2015). AP involves the loss of compartmentalization both at the intracellular and extracellular levels. Obstruction of the outflow of bile salts and their subsequent toxic effects leads to destruction of the pancreatic ducts. Alcohol consumption causes disruption of the plasma membrane functions, balance between protease inhibitors and proteolytic enzymes, resulting in cell destruction, enzyme activation and autodigestion (Sah, Garg and Saluja 2012). Interstitial edema and inflammation are the major features of pancreatitis. Further progression of the disease is characterized by the polymorphonuclear granulocyte accumulation in pancreatic areas and release of enzymes from leukocytes. Various risk factors lead to the development of CP. These include various environmental factors like nicotine and alcohol consumption, nutritional factors, among others (Yadav and Lowenfels 2013). Other factors include hereditary mutations, autoimmune factors and obstruction of ducts. CP involves fibrosis of th e glandular tissue. The secretory parenchymal cells undergo various processes like apoptosis or necrosis, duct obstruction and inflammation. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are responsible for fibrosis, which results in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in the various interstitial spaces (Apte et al. 2013). ECM formation also occurs in the spaces that lack acinar cells or consist of injured duct cells. The various morphological changes associated with CP involve loss of lobular morphology and structure of pancreas. It also involves malformation of large ducts, abnormalities in the composition and arrangement of the islets. These are irreversible processes and the abnormal morphological changes leads to impairment of the endocrine and exocrine functions. This ultimately results in malnutrition and even diabetes. Pancreatitis arises due to injury to the duct or acinar cells and cells of the interstitial mesenchyma. Following injury, the activation step involves expression of smooth muscle actins, proliferation and secretion of fibrillar collagens by the PSCs. Injury to various tissues or cells of the pancreas lead to cellular apotosis or necrosis and cytokine release from macrophages or already existing mesenchymal cells. The damaged pancreatic cells undergo phagocytosis by the macrophages resulting in cytokine release, subsequently resulting in activation and eventual proliferation of PCSs surrounding the injury site. This results in transformation of PCSs to myofibroblasts. However, another alternative hypothesis describes a direct role of the etiological factor in Pancreatitis development. The factors like alcohol, nicotine directly activates the existing fibroblast cells. Subsequently myofibroblasts are produced and the ECM replaces the alcohol or nicotine infiltrates. This results in architectural and functional damage to the pancreatic cells. It involves enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 3 and 9 by the myofibroblasts. These metalloproteinases are regulated by the tumor growth factor cytokines resulting in increased pancreatic fibrogenesis. Apart from alcohol and nicotine consumption, hereditary factors also play an important role in the development of Pancreatitis. Mutation in the SPINK1 gene, which encodes the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor also results in the development of hereditary CP (Brock et al. 2013). The various diagnostic techniques provided by ultrasonography include the grayscale B mode, Doppler imaging and tissue harmonic imaging. Grayscale B mode helps to determine the pancreatic structure, size, volume, border, echogenicity, surrounding regions and ducts. Doppler imaging helps to determine the outline of the pancreas, and the structure of the surrounding vessels. Small calcifications present in the pancreas, which are characteristics of CP, is visualized as twinkling artifacts using Doppler imaging technique. It can also help to distinguish between necrosis (without blood supply) and inflammation (with blood supply) associated with Pancreatitis. Tissue harmonic imaging helps to distinguish between solid and liquid necrotic masses (Dimcevski et al. 2013). Ultrasound generally determines the severe changes in pancreatic structure and size in AP. A typical horseshoe shape, homogenous and echogenic structure constitutes the sonographic appearances of a normal pancreas. The diameter of a normal pancreas does not exceed 20-22mm. A normal pancreas is also characterized by the absence of fluid structures, fluid collections and lymph node like structures. AP is associated by the volume increase, changes in the structure of the parenchyma and loss or significant decrease of echogenicity. Increased size of the pancreas results in significant displacement of the organs in the abdomen like the stomach and the colon, among others. A diameter of greater than 24mm is generally a sign of Pancreatitis. Other sonographic appearances involve the appearance of a bulge in the anterior position of the abdominal wall, necrotic or oedemic areas (due to non-homogenicity of the pancreas). There are 2 types of oedema: incipient and massive. In incipient oedema, echogenicity is normal while the pancreas is hypoechogenic in massive oedema. Accumulation of fluid in acute necrotic Pancreatitis is visualized by endoscopic ultrasound. The fluid accumulations occurring during AP can be classified into Walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) and acute pseudocysts. WOPN occurs four weeks after the development of AP and consists of masses of encapsulated necrotic materials with fluid accumulations. Acute pseudocysts arise during interstitial pancreatitis characterized by the presence of oedema. Acute pseudocysts contain negligible amounts of solid necrotic materials and consist primarily of fluid contents (Ramia et al. 2012). Endometriosis is a proinflammatory disease, chronic and dependant on the estrogen hormone. It affects women who have reached their reproductive age. It is a gynecological condition involved in aberrant growth of endometrium like tissues outside of the uterus. It is generally asymptomatic but symptoms can also arise like dysmennorhea, severe pelvic pain, irregular and severe bleeding, pain during urination and defecation, nausea, vomiting, dyspareunia, fertility reduction, among others (Vercellini et al. 2014). Endometriosis is generally found in the pelvic regions like the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and its associated ligaments, cul-de-sac, as well as in the ureters, rectovaginal septum, bowels, urinary bladders, appendix, among others. The pathophysiology of endometriosis involves endometrial lesion development, increase in estradiol production and progesterone resistance, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and immune dysfunction (Rocha, Reis and Taylor 2013). The endometrial lesion development is described by 3 different hypotheses. The Sampson theory proposes the dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity during menstruation and subsequently is implanted on either the pelvic organs or the peritoneal tissue. The theory of coelomic metaplasia describes that various environmental, hormonal or infectious stimuli induces metaplasia of visceral and abdominal peritoneal cells leading to endometriosis. The theory of embryonic rest describes that estrogen stimulus enables migration of the Mullerian duct during embryonic development. The cells remaining after the migration gives rise to endometrial lesions. The recent stem cell theory is supported by several experimental data. It proposes the participation of endometrial and bone-marrow stem cells in the development of endometriosis (Gargett et al. 2014). The attachment of the lesion depends on the stromal cells of the endometrium; while the glandular cells are involved in the growth and subsequent spread of the lesion. Women showing overexpression of collagen, fibronectin, laminin of the peritoneal cavity have an increased risk of developing endometriosis. After attachment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is degraded, enabling invasion of the endometrial cells, development of endometriotic foci leading to lesion progress. Endometriosis is characterized by increased expression of MMPs like MMP-2, 3, 7 and 9 (Shan et al. 2013). Moreover, the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is also found to be increased in endometriosis. After menstruation, endometrium reconstruction is brought about by Estradiol (active form of estrogen). The endometriotic lesions produce estradiol in high amounts, thereby helping in implantation in peritoneal cavity. Angiogenesis involves the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, while vascularization involves the de novo production of blood vessels during embryogenesis. Lesion development in endometriosis depends on the development of new blood vessels for supply of oxygen and nutrients. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is responsible for angiogenesis during endometriosis. Endometriosis also involves the process of vascularization for establishment of vascular network. Functional loss or alterations of immune mediators produced by cells of both innate and adaptive immunity are also involved in endometriosis. These cells include macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T and B lymphocytes. Cytokines and chemokines like tumor necrosis factor , Interleukin 6, 8, 10 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 are involved in the establishment and subsequent survival of lesions in endometriosis (Ahn et al. 2015). The endometrium undergoes changes during the menstrual cycle. During the menstrual phase, it appears as thin, bright and echogenic. A trilaminar appearance, outer echogenic layer, middle hypoechoic layer, and inner echogenic layer characterize the proliferative phase. A thick and uniform echogenic layer characterizes the secretory phase. The functional layer appears oedematous, while the basal layer remains isoechoic. In premenopausal women, the endometrium varies in thickness. During menstruation it is 2-4mm, during early proliferative phase it is 5-7mm, in late proliferative phase it is 11mm in thickness while in the secretory phase it is 7-16mm. In post menopausal women the endometrial thickness is generally less than 5mm. Transvaginal sonography is the standard in diagnosing endometriosis, which involves imaging the ovaries and uterus. However, patients suffering from severe pelvic pain are subjected to sonography of additional regions like the bowel wall, cul-de-sac and the rectovaginal septum. This helps in the detection of rectosigmoid endometriosis (Said and Azzam 2014). Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of implants, which can be either superficial or deep. Ultrasound is poor in detecting peritoneal implants but can better detect endometriomas. Endometriomas appear as homogenous and focal lesions. They appear unilocular but in some cases may be multilocular with presence of septa. Multiple endometriomas may appear with presence of mural nodules, which are hyperechoic. Color Doppler imaging shows absence of blood flow. Early diagnosis of endometriosis is a major challenge but women showing possible symptoms should be subjected to imaging techniques. Endometriomas also called chocolate cysts appear on the ovary and constitute the most common feature associated with sonography of patients suffering from endometriosis. Sonographic appearances of endometriosis involve the appearance of solid nodules with poorly defined and blurred borders. Ultrasonographic scan in Endometriosis reveals the presence of a cystic mass with diffused and low echo levels. However, Endometriomas may sometimes appear as a solid or cystic mass (either simple or complex). Endometriomas are visualized as vascularized, rounded, papillary projections having smooth contours with the presence of cyst locules and cyst fluid showing low echogenicity levels. Epididymis is a tubular and coiled organ which remains attached with the testis. This organ is associated with the maturation, storage and eventual transport of the sperm (Dacheux and Dacheux 2014). Epididymitis is a very common medical condition and is usually differentiated into the acute and chronic forms. Acute epididymitis (AE) can occur at any age while the chronic form occurs in males within the range of 19-52 years. Mostly men of reproductive age are affected by this disease. AE is characterized by inflammation, swelling and pain in the epididymis. The epididymis becomes tender and gets swelled in a unilateral direction (Yusuf et al. 2013). From the cauda epididymis, the swelling spreads to the entire epididymis and ultimately reaching testis. The symptoms may range from mild tenderness of the epididymis to severe urosepsis. AE is generally caused by infection of bacterial pathogens. These urinary pathogens move from the urethra and the urinary bladder in a retrograde fashion, ultimately leading to colonization of the epididymis. They move through the vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts, eventually reaching the epididymis. These bacterial pathogens cause inflammation of the epididymis. Initially, the inflammation starts from the epididymis tail, eventually reaching the body and the head. Inflammation of the testis is called epididymo-orchitis. Epididymitis initially starts as urethritis and ultimately attaining the epididymitis form. Chlamydia trachomatis was found to be the principal bacterial pathogen associated with epididymitis in young patients (Malhotra et al. 2013). Patients below 35 years of age are generally associated with sexually transmitted diseases resulting in epididymitis. In this case, the pathogen C. trachomatis plays a very important role. However, in patients belonging to the above 35-year age group, enteric pathogens like Escherichia coli play an important role in the development of the disease. Viral pathogens have also been sometimes associated with the disease. Chronic epididymitis (CE) is characterized by pain and discomfort in the testicles, scrotum or epididymis. The pain may spread to the groin, thigh and eventually to the lower back portion. There also appear changes in the semen consistency and color. In rare cases, the inflammation spreads to the prostate gland. This causes pain and discomfort in the perineum, groin and thighs leading to improper discharge of urine. Physical examination may reveal either an abnormal or normal looking epididymis. Infection may be responsible but some cases also report non-infectious epididymitis. Inflammatory reactions following an infection are the major cause of CE. Tuberculosis is again one of the principal causes of CE (Kho and Chan 2012). However, in tuberculosis associated epididymitis, thickening of the scrotum and development of fistula are the major features in addition to swelling of epididymis. Use of drugs like Amiodarone has been found to induce epididymitis. Moreover, certain diseases li ke the Behcets disease are also associated with CE. Severe pain during CE may also occur because of vasectomy-induced obstructions. These obstructions cause the urine to flow back into the ejaculatory ducts resulting in chronic pain. Other conditions associated with CE involve urinary tract infections, more than one sexual partners, improper usage of protection measures and depression (ek, Sturdza and Pilatz 2017). Ultrasonography is the most essential and non-invasive method for diagnosis of epididymitis. A normal scrotum is characterized by the presence of a pair of testicles. The scrotum appears as a sac consisting of both fibrous and muscular tissues. It consists of a left and right hemiscrotum and both these regions are separated by raphae. The testicle is ovoid and measures approximately 5cm in length, 3cm in height and 2cm in breadth. It is characterized by an intermediate and homogenous echogenicity. The epididymis is comma-shaped, elongated structure having a head, body and tail. The head is isoechoic and sometimes hyperechoic; while the body and tail are isosechoic. The tunica albuginea or the fibrous capsule appears as a thin band outside the testis. It appears as an echogenic band. Epididymitis is the most common factor responsible for scrotal pain in males. Sonographic appearances during AE involve the presence of a hypervascular and highly enlarged epididymis. It has a heterogenous echotexture, mainly hypoechoic. Color Doppler Ultrasonography is highly sensitive and can detect inflammation resulting from epididymitis. Other features include the presence of pyelocele or hydrocele, thickening of the scrotal wall, calcification and formation of fistula. Abscess formations in the epididymis appear as hypoechoic areas. In Epididymo-orchitis, the testicle appears as a non-homogenous and enlarged structure. Grayscale Ultrasonography and color Doppler imaging of the thickened scrotal walls (scrotal cellulitis) shows hypoechoic areas with increased blood flow. Abscesses on the scrotal wall appear as loculated fluid masses with irregular borders and low level echoes. Development of hydroceles or fluid masses is the primary reason of scrotal swellings which are painless. Hydroceles are generally anechoic but sometimes internal echoes appear depending on the cholesterol or protein content of the fluid accumulations. Calcifications of the testicles generally appear as small, 2-3mm, multiple, non-shadowing foci which are echogenic. Scrotoliths or mobile scrotal calcifications appear as 10mm echogenic free floating foci outside testicles. Spermatoceles usually arise after vasectomy and appear as multilocular lesions, showing internal echoes (Kuhn et al. 2016). Conclusion Medical imaging tools enable proper diagnosis of critical medical conditions. Ultrasonography is a low cost and efficient technique for imaging tissue abnormalities like tumors, cysts, among others. This report describes the pathophysiology of Pancreatitis, Endometriomas and Epididymitis. Pancreatitis is generally associated with alcohol or nicotine consumption. It is an inflammatory disease associated with the destruction of parenchymal cells and deformation of the pancreas. Immunological factors have been described to play a role in the development of endometriomas. It is a proinflammatory disease of the pelvic cavity region. It results in infertility and severe pelvic pain in women. This disease is characterized by the development of tissues resembling those of the endometrium on the uterus, ovary and other regions of the pelvic cavity. Epididymitis is an infection of the epididymis and is specific for males who have reached their reproductive age. Epididymitis is characterized by the inflammation and swelling of the epididymis. It is generally caused by bacterial infections but other factors may also be involved. Sometimes the infection progresses from the epididymis and into the testis. This condition is called epididymo-orchitis. Diagnosis of all the 3 above mentioned medical conditions were carried out by Ultrasonography. These ultrasound waves help in imaging the pancreas, to identify any abnormalities (like tumors and necrotic masses) and determine the size and structure of the diseased pancreas. Transvaginal Ultrasonography is the most important in diagnosis of endometriosis. It shows the presence of cystic masses and nodular structures on the surfaces of ovaries and uterus. Ultrasonography is highly essential for diagnosis of Epididymitis. It reveals the enlargement of the epididymis and other abnormalities like presence of calcifications, thickened scrotal walls and fistula. Therefore, it can be concluded that Ultrasonography plays a very important role in the diagnosis of diseases in a non-invasive and cost effective way. Reference List Ahn, S.H., Monsanto, S.P., Miller, C., Singh, S.S., Thomas, R. and Tayade, C., 2015. Pathophysiology and immune dysfunction in endometriosis. BioMed research international, 2015. Ammar, T., Sidhu, P.S. and Wilkins, C.J., 2012. Male infertility: the role of imaging in diagnosis and management.The British journal of radiology,85(special_issue_1), pp.S59-S68. Apte, M.V., Wilson, J.S., Lugea, A. and Pandol, S.J., 2013. A starring role for stellate cells in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment.Gastroenterology,144(6), pp.1210-1219. Banks, P.A., Bollen, T.L., Dervenis, C., Gooszen, H.G., Johnson, C.D., Sarr, M.G., Tsiotos, G.G. and Vege, S.S., 2013. Classification of acute pancreatitis2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus.Gut,62(1), pp.102-111. Brock, C., Nielsen, L.M., Lelic, D. and Drewes, A.M., 2013. Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 19(42), p.7231. ek, M., Sturdza, L. and Pilatz, A., 2017. Acute and Chronic Epididymitis. European Urology Supplements. Dacheux, J.L. and Dacheux, F., 2014. New insights into epididymal function in relation to sperm maturation.Reproduction,147(2), pp.R27-R42. Dimcevski, G., Erchinger, F.G., Havre, R. and Gilja, O.H., 2013. Ultrasonography in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis: new aspects. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, 19(42), p.7247. Francica, G., 2012. Reliable clinical and sonographic findings in the diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis near cesarean section scar.World journal of radiology,4(4), p.135. Gargett, C.E., Schwab, K.E., Brosens, J.J., Puttemans, P., Benagiano, G. and Brosens, I., 2014. Potential role of endometrial stem/progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of early-onset endometriosis.Molecular human reproduction,20(7), pp.591-598. Haidekker, M.A., 2013. Medical imaging technology (pp. 1-96). New York: Springer. Kho, V.K.S. and Chan, P.H., 2012. Isolated tuberculous epididymitis presenting as a painless scrotal tumor.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association,75(6), pp.292-295. Kuhn, A.L., Scortegagna, E., Nowitzki, K.M. and Kim, Y.H., 2016. Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults. Ultrasonography, 35(3), p. 180. Malhotra, M., Sood, S., Mukherjee, A., Muralidhar, S. and Bala, M., 2013. Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: an update.The Indian journal of medical research,138(3), p.303. Ramia, J.M., De La Plaza, R., Quiones-Sampedro, J.E., Ramiro, C., Veguillas, P. and Garca-Parreo, J., 2012. Walled-off pancreatic necrosis.Neth J Med,70(4), pp.168-71. Rocha, A.L.L., Reis, F.M. and Taylor, R.N., 2013. Angiogenesis and endometriosis.Obstetrics and gynecology international,2013. Sah, R.P., Garg, P. and Saluja, A.K., 2012. Pathogenic mechanisms of acute pancreatitis.Current opinion in gastroenterology,28(5), pp.507-515. Said, T.H. and Azzam, A.Z., 2014. Prediction of endometriosis by transvaginal ultrasound in reproductive-age women with normal ovarian size. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 19(3), pp.197-207. Sankaran, S.J., Xiao, A.Y., Wu, L.M., Windsor, J.A., Forsmark, C.E. and Petrov, M.S., 2015. Frequency of progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis and risk factors: a meta-analysis.Gastroenterology,149(6), pp.1490-1500. Shan, B., Li, W., Yang, S.Y. and Li, Z.R., 2013. Estrogen up-regulates MMP2/9 expression in endometrial epithelial cell via VEGF-ERK1/2 pathway.Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine,6(10), pp.826-830. Vercellini, P., Vigan, P., Somigliana, E. and Fedele, L., 2014. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,10(5), pp.261-275. Wilhjelm, J.E., Illum, A., Kristensson, M. and Andersen, O.T., 2013. Medical diagnostic ultrasound-physical principles and imaging. By Andersen Biomedical Engineering, DTU Elektro Technical University of Denmark, Ver, 3(2). Yadav, D. and Lowenfels, A.B., 2013. The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.Gastroenterology,144(6), pp.1252-1261. Yusuf, G., Sellars, M.E., Kooiman, G.G., Diaz-Cano, S. and Sidhu, P.S., 2013. Global Testicular Infarction in the Presence of Epididymitis.Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine,32(1), pp.175-180.

Kimmel Financial Accounting Solutions free essay sample

The statement of cash flows is required. It is the fourth basic financial statement. ?2. The statement of cash flows answers the following questions about cash: (a) Where did the cash come from during the period? (b) What was the cash used for during the period? nd (c) What was the change in the cash balance during the period? ?3. The three activities are: Operating activities include the cash effects of transactions that create revenues and expenses and thus enter into the determination of net income. Investing activities include: (a) purchasing and disposing of investments and productive long-lived assets and (b) lending money and collecting loans. Financing activities include: (a) obtaining cash from issuing debt and repaying amounts borrowed and (b) obtaining cash from stockholders, repurchasing shares, and paying them dividends. ?4. a)Major sources of cash in a statement of cash flows include cash from operations; issuance of debt; collection of loans; issuance of capital stock; sale of investments; and the sale of property, plant, and equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on Kimmel Financial Accounting Solutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (b)Major uses of cash include purchase of inventory, payment of cash dividends; redemption of debt; purchase of investments; making loans; redemption of capital stock; and the purchase of property, plant, and equipment. ?5. The statement of cash flows presents investing and financing activities so that even noncash transactions of an investing and financing nature are disclosed in the financial statements. If they affect financial conditions significantly, the FASB requires that they be disclosed in either a separate schedule at the bottom of the statement of cash flows or in a separate note or supplementary schedule to the financial statements. ?6. Examples of significant noncash activities are: (1) issuance of stock for assets, (2) conversion of bonds into common stock, (3) issuance of bonds or notes for assets, and (4) noncash exchanges of property, plant, and equipment. ?7. Comparative balance sheets, a current income statement, and certain transaction data all provide information necessary for preparation of the statement of cash flows. Comparative balance sheets indicate how assets, liabilities, and equities have changed during the period. A current income statement provides information about the amount of cash provided or used by operations. Certain transactions provide additional detailed information needed to determine how cash was provided or used during the period. ?8. (a)The phases of the corporate life cycle are the introductory phase, growth phase, maturity phase, and decline phase. (b)During the introductory phase, cash from operations and investing would be expected to be negative, and cash from financing would be positive. Questions Chapter 12 (Continued) During the growth phase, a company would be expected to show some small amounts of cash from operations while continuing to show negative cash from investing and positive cash from financing. During the maturity phase, cash from operations, investing, and financing would all be expected to be positive while in the decline phase, cash from operations and investing would continue to be positive while cash from financing would be negative. ?9. Tootsie Roll has positive cash from operations that exceeds its net income. Cash from operations exceeded its investing needs and it retired shares of stock and paid dividends. Tootsie Roll appears to be in the middle to late maturity phase. 10. The advantage of the direct method is that it presents the major categories of cash receipts and cash payments in a format that is similar to the income statement and familiar to statement users. Its principal disadvantage is that the necessary data can be expensive and time-consuming to accumulate. The advantage of the indirect method is it is often considered easier o prepare, and it provides a reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities. It also tends to reveal less company information to competitors. Its primary disadvantage is the difficulty in understanding the adjustments that comprise the reconciliation. Both methods are acceptable but the FASB expressed a preference for the direct method. Yet, the indirect method is the overwhelming favorite of companies. 11. When total cash inf lows exceed total cash outflows, the excess is identified as a â€Å"net increase in cash† near the bottom of the statement of cash flows. 12. The indirect method involves converting accrual net income to net cash provided by operating activities. This is done by starting with accrual net income and adjusting for items that do not affect cash. Examples of adjustments include depreciation and other noncash expenses, gains and losses on the sale of noncurrent assets, and changes in the balances of current asset and current liability accounts from one period to the next. 13. It is necessary to convert accrual-based net income to cash-basis income because the unadjusted net income includes items that do not provide or use cash. An example would be an increase in accounts receivable. If accounts receivable increased during the period, revenues reported on the accrual basis would be higher than the actual cash revenues received. Thus, accrual-basis net income must be adjusted to reflect the net cash provided by operating activities. 14. A number of factors could have caused an increase in cash despite the net loss. These are (1) high cash revenues relative to low cash expenses; (2) sales of property, plant, and equipment; (3) sales of investments; (4) issuance of debt or capital stock, and (5) differences between cash and accrual accounting, e. . depreciation. 15. Depreciation expense. Gain or loss on sale of a noncurrent asset. Increase/decrease in accounts receivable. Increase/decrease in inventory. Increase/decrease in accounts payable. Questions Chapter 12 (Continued) 16. Under the indirect method, depreciation is added back to net income to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activitie s because depreciation is an expense but not a cash payment. 17. The statement of cash flows is useful because it provides information to the investors, creditors, and other users about: (1) the company’s ability to generate future cash flows, (2) the company’s ability to pay dividends and meet obligations, (3) the reasons for the difference between net income and net cash provided by operating activities, and (4) the cash and noncash financing and investing transactions during the period.

Iridium

Iridium, a rare, white metallic element, appearing 77th on the Periodic Table, shares some characteristics as the other elements, however being unique as it is, offers far more than a rare and metallic appearance. It also bares the concept of being one of the hardest metals, extremely dense metals, and its outstanding resistance against corrosion: better than any other metal known. In most cases, Iridium occurs in gravel deposits with a related element called platinum. Iridium occurs naturally in the metallic state in an alloy with platinum called platiniridium, which contains palladium, copper, and iron as contaminants. Separation of the platinum from the Iridium is a complex process, involving many techniques. Ores and deposits containing the free metal are rare. Those that do exist are found primarily in the Ural Mountains of the Russian Federation, in Alaska, Ontario, North America, South Africa, and in Tasmania. Iridium, however, being too brittle to be used by it! self, is often mixed with platinum as a hardening agent. Such products as containers for heating chemicals, as well as other high temperature or corrosive usable containers are made from Platinum-Iridium alloys. Manufacturers also use these and other Iridium alloys for making jewelry, fountain pen tips, and bearings for navigational compasses. Other uses of the metal come under different forms, such as radioactive Iridium, which can be used as a source of gamma rays. Also, the element is used extensively in commercial electrical contacts. Iridium has the atomic symbol Ir. Its atomic number, as stated above is 77 and its atomic weight is 192.22. It melts at 2410 C and boils at 4130 C. It has a density of 22.65 grams per cubic centimeter at 20 C. Metallic Iridium has a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Iridium belongs to the group of metals called transition metals. Its name is derived from the Greek goddess Iris, goddess of the rai...

buy custom The External Auditors essay

buy custom The External Auditors essay An external auditor is a professional who performs financial audit of the financial state of the company. The external auditor is independent from the company of which he or she is performing the audit. What is the year-end? This is the end of every financial or accounting year. It does not matter what time of the year because it can be in February or July. How is revenue recognized? Revenue is realized after the calculation of all the goods or services sold by the company at the year end. How is inventory valued? The inventory is valued based on the costs of the goods and the purchase price of the inventory in the market. How is property and equipment amortized? Amortisation of the property and equipment is done based on the improvements made to the assets and the market price of the assets. Additionally, the useful value of the product is also calculted. What is the value of accumulated amortization? 70.8 million dollars What is Jean Coutus authorized share capital? 118,916,582 class A shares 117,385,000 class B shares How many common shares are issued? 229,792,498 common shares What is the total dollar value of the common shares? 2.51 dollars per share What is the basic earnings per share? 614,400,000/118,916,582= 5.17 dollars per share How much cash was provided or used in operating activities? 2,321,700,000 dollars What was the value of property and equipment purchased? 564,400,000-528,400,000=36,000,000 What Canadian company is Jean Coutus main competitor? Shoppers Drug Mart What is Jean Coutus most recent market price per share? 0.77 dollarsWhat are Jean Coutus most recent price-earnings? 0.77 dollarsWhat are the following values in 2011 for Jean Coutu; (a) Current ratio 380,700,000/255300000=1.5 (b) Asset turnover 2,597,800,000/1045400000=2.48 (c) Interest coverage 100.15 (d) Return on common shareholders equity 33.19 (e) Return on assets (180,200,000+100000)/1045400000=0.27 (f) Profit margin For the ratios in part C above (a-f) what are the industry values? How do Jean Coutus ratios compare to the industry? a) Current ratio b) Asset turnover c) Interest coverage d) Return on common shareholders equity e) Return on assets f) Profit margin As compared to the other industry, Jean Coutu's ratio is performing better. It has good pricing strategies. Buy custom The External Auditors essay

Is Feminism Still Necessary Within the United States Assignment

Is Feminism Still Necessary Within the United States - Assignment Example The paper will first consider what those who support a further form of feminism might say with regards to the prospect that the future holds and what extent need may still exist for feminism. Once this has been discussed with a level of depth and clarity, the analysis will then move on to some of the reasons for why such an approach necessarily guarantees that there will be perennial requirements for further feminism within the United States and elsewhere. Some of these requirements are concentric upon the religious mores that are currently exhibited within the current system; whereas others are merely an example of history and the cultural determinism that has helped to define the United States in the way that it is. Finally, the last portion of the analysis will argue the position of the author with relation to this issue.  Those that put forward the belief that further feminism is required in the United States generally point to sociological/demographic data. As such, this data helps to prove the point that a mere 60 years ago the presence of women in the workforce and their integration into distinct segments of society was practically unheard of. Naturally, the greatest liberation that was the culmination of this was the widespread availability of cheap contraceptives in the form of birth control pills. As history has proven, societies in which women have control over their biological clocks have the ability to pursue higher education, careers, and personal fulfillment without being saddled with the responsibilities of the family prior to the time in which they would otherwise choose to do so. Moreover, as a function of these recent development in the rights of women, specifically within the United States, but increasingly in other parts of the developed and developing world as well, proponents of such a point of views to the fact that is merely only a matter of time and human societal evolution until a true and complete understanding of global feminism i s realized.   As such, it is not reasonable to assume that the greatest achievements of parity have yet been accomplished within the United States.   For instance, a female’s pay is still substantially lower than that of a similarly trained and/or talented male.